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Hospitals, Teaching --- Education, Medical --- History, 18th Century --- History, 19th Century --- History, 20th Century --- Hospitals --- Medical education --- Hôpitaux --- Enseignement médical --- history --- History --- Histoire --- Hôpitaux --- Enseignement médical --- Medical personnel --- Professional education --- Benevolent institutions --- Infirmaries --- Health facilities --- Education

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Nutritionary hygiene. Diet --- History of human medicine --- culinaire geschiedenis

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Visiting relatives and friends in medical institutions is a common practice in all corners of the world. People probably go into hospitals as a visitor more frequently than they do as a patient. Permeable Walls is the first book devoted to the history of hospital and asylum visiting and deflects attention from medical history’s more traditionally studied constituencies, patients and doctors. Covering the eighteenth to the late twentieth centuries, and taking case studies from around the globe, the authors demonstrate that hospitals and asylums could be remarkably permeable institutions. However, policies towards visitors have varied from outright exclusion, as in the case of some isolation hospitals in Victorian Britain, to near open access in the first Chinese missionary hospitals. Historical studies of visitors and visiting, as a result, tell us much about the changing relationship between healthcare institutions and the communities they serve. These histories are particularly relevant at a time when service providers seek ways to involve patients’ representatives in healthcare decision making; to control hospital super-bugs; and to make the hospital environment accessible yet safe and secure. With the re-emergence of restricted visiting, the subject remains one of the most emotive topics in the history of institutional medicine. Adopting a wide-ranging definition of visitors, from official inquirers to family members, Permeable Walls provides an innovative perspective on hospitals and asylums historically and will interest historians of medicine, charity and governance, as well as healthcare policy-makers.

Social policy --- Sociology of social welfare --- Hospitals, Psychiatric --- Health Policy --- History, 18th Century. --- History, 19th Century. --- History, 20th Century. --- Hospital-Patient Relations. --- Professional-Family Relations. --- Visitors to Patients --- Visiting the sick --- Hospitals --- Psychiatric hospitals --- Visites aux malades --- Hôpitaux --- Hôpitaux psychiatriques --- history. --- History. --- Histoire --- Hospital planning. --- Hospitals--Design and construction. --- Hospitals--Planning. --- History, Modern 1601 --- -Hospitals, Special --- Hospital Administration --- Public Policy --- Interpersonal Relations --- Persons --- Public Relations --- Social Control Policies --- History --- Named Groups --- Health Facilities --- Organization and Administration --- Psychology, Social --- Health Services Administration --- Social Control, Formal --- Humanities --- Health Care Facilities, Manpower, and Services --- Policy --- Behavior and Behavior Mechanisms --- Health Care --- Social Sciences --- Sociology --- Psychiatry and Psychology --- Health Care Economics and Organizations --- Anthropology, Education, Sociology and Social Phenomena --- History, 20th Century --- History, 19th Century --- Hospital-Patient Relations --- Professional-Family Relations --- History, 18th Century --- Medical policy --- Psychiatrische Klinik. --- Krankenbesuch. --- Krankenhaus. --- Geschichte 1700-2000. --- Hôpitaux --- Hôpitaux psychiatriques --- Insane asylums --- Mental hospitals --- Mental illness --- Mental institutions --- Mentally ill --- Psychiatry in general hospitals --- Benevolent institutions --- Infirmaries --- Psychiatric services --- Sick --- Volunteer workers in medical care --- Asylums --- Mental health facilities --- Specialty hospitals --- Health facilities --- Hospitals. --- Medical policy. --- Psychiatric hospitals. --- Visiting the sick. --- Insane --- Medical care --- Health care policy --- Health policy --- Medicine and state --- Policy, Medical --- Public health --- Public health policy --- State and medicine --- Science and state --- Government policy --- Law and legislation --- Political aspects

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While the welfare functions of the workhouse have been well researched, its medical services have been comparatively neglected. Throughout the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, and despite much administrative reform, workhouse medicine remained central to the medical experiences of the poor. Workhouse beds in Britain, for example, far outnumbered beds provided by charitable hospitals, which have often been the subject of historical study, and, by the 1830s, most parishes possessed their own workhouses. A high percentage of entries to workhouses consisted of the sick of all ages. In those communities where the elderly comprised the majority of workhouse inmates, most required medical relief. Perhaps inevitably, the position of workhouse doctor, or medical officer, became progressively more central to the management of these institutions, though we know very little about these overworked and undervalued practitioners. Historians of welfare, the English poor laws, and medicine have been aware of the importance of workhouse-based medical relief in the past, but the topic has not bee studied in depth. This is the first book to examine the history of the medical services provided by these welfare institutions, both in Britain and its former colonies, over the period covered by the Old and New Poor Laws. Jonathan Reinarz is Director of the History of Medicine Unit at the University of Birmingham, UK. He has published extensively on the history of English medical institutions, 1750-1950. Leonard Schwarz has recently retired as a Reader in Urban History at the University of Birmingham, where he founded the Birmingham Eighteenth Century Centre.

Workhouses. --- Poor --- Workhouses --- Charities, Medical --- Penal institutions --- Correctional institutions --- Prisons --- Disadvantaged, Economically --- Economically disadvantaged --- Impoverished people --- Low-income people --- Pauperism --- Poor, The --- Poor people --- Persons --- Social classes --- Poverty --- Medical care. --- Medical care --- History. --- Health and hygiene --- Economic conditions --- Biopsychosocial Approach. --- British Poor Laws. --- Compassion. --- Eighteenth Century. --- Elderly. --- History of Medicine. --- Humanism. --- Infirm. --- Medical Services. --- Nineteenth Century. --- Patient-Physician Communication. --- Poor. --- Professionalism. --- University of Rochester Medical Center.

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Visiting relatives and friends in medical institutions is a common practice in all corners of the world. People probably go into hospitals as a visitor more frequently than they do as a patient. Permeable Walls is the first book devoted to the history of hospital and asylum visiting and deflects attention from medical history’s more traditionally studied constituencies, patients and doctors. Covering the eighteenth to the late twentieth centuries, and taking case studies from around the globe, the authors demonstrate that hospitals and asylums could be remarkably permeable institutions. However, policies towards visitors have varied from outright exclusion, as in the case of some isolation hospitals in Victorian Britain, to near open access in the first Chinese missionary hospitals. Historical studies of visitors and visiting, as a result, tell us much about the changing relationship between healthcare institutions and the communities they serve. These histories are particularly relevant at a time when service providers seek ways to involve patients’ representatives in healthcare decision making; to control hospital super-bugs; and to make the hospital environment accessible yet safe and secure. With the re-emergence of restricted visiting, the subject remains one of the most emotive topics in the history of institutional medicine. Adopting a wide-ranging definition of visitors, from official inquirers to family members, Permeable Walls provides an innovative perspective on hospitals and asylums historically and will interest historians of medicine, charity and governance, as well as healthcare policy-makers.